alot of good info in this thread
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alot of good info in this thread
1826 - John Brown Russwurm graduates from Bowdoin College. While
many sources consider him to be the first African American
in America to graduate from college, he was preceded by
Edward Jones (B.A. Amherst College - August 23, 1826) and
Alexander Lucius Twilight (B.A. Middlebury College -
1823).
1848 - National Black Convention meets in Cleveland, Ohio with
some seventy delegates. Frederick Douglass is elected
president of the convention.
1865 - Thaddeus Stevens, powerful U.S. congressman, urges
confiscation of estates of Confederate leaders and the
distribution of land to adult freedmen in forty-acre
lots.
1866 - Frederick Douglass becomes the first African American
delegate to a national political convention.
1876 - A race riot occurs in Charleston, South Carolina.
1883 – J.A. Rogers, publisher, lecturer and historian was born in Negil, Jamaica
1892 - George "Little Chocolate" Dixon beats Jack Skelly in New
Orleans to win the world featherweight title. While some
African American citizens celebrate for two days, the New
Orleans Times-Democrat says, "It was a mistake to match a
Negro and a white man, to bring the races together on any
terms of equality even in the prize ring."
1905 - The Atlanta Life Insurance Company is established by A.F.
Herndon.
1910 – Katherine Dunham was born. She was a pioneer in the use of folk and ethnic choreography, and considered one of the founders of the anthropological dance movement. With "Aida" in 1963, she became the first Black to choreograph for the Metropolitan Opera in New York city.
1930 - Leander Jay Shaw, Jr. is born in Salem, Virginia. He will
become a justice of the Florida State Supreme Court in
1983 and, in 1990, the chief justice, a first in Florida
and the second African American chief justice in any
state supreme court.
1966 - A racially motivated civil disturbance occurs in Atlanta,
Georgia.
1967 - President Lyndon B. Johnson names Walter E. Washington,
commissioner and "unofficial" mayor of Washington, DC.
-singer Macy Gray was born
1968 - The Kingdom of Swaziland achieves full independence from
Great Britain as a constitutional monarchy.
1979 – Rapper Foxxy Brown was born
1989 - The National Party, the governing party of South Africa,
loses nearly a quarter of its parliamentary seats to
far-right and anti-apartheid rivals, its worst setback
in four decades.
agreedQuote:
Originally Posted by Fatal Guillotine
9/7 Independence Day in Brazil
1800 - The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is dedicated
in New York City.
1859 - John Merrick, co-organizer of The North Carolina Mutual
Life Insurance Company, is born.
1914 - Jean Blackwell Hutson is born in Summerfield, Florida.
From 1948 until she retired in 1980, she will help build
the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in
Harlem into the world's primary source for books, art,
historical documents and other materials on people of
African Descent. She will also help the center in 1981,
win a federal grant so the collection could move from its
cramped quarters to a more spacious $3.7 million, five-
story building in Harlem. By then, she will be retired as
the institution's head and will take a job in the office
of library administration at the Public Library's
headquarters in New York. She will join the ancestors in
1998. At the time of her death, the Schomburg Collection
will hold about 150,000 volumes, 3.5 million manuscripts,
the largest assemblage of photographs documenting Black
life, and rare artifacts-including a 16th century
manuscript, "Ad Catholicum" by Juan Latino, believed to
be the first book written by a person of African descent.
1917 - Jacob Lawrence is born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He
will become one of the leading painters in chronicling
African American history and urban life. Among his most
celebrated works will be the historical panels "The Life
of Toussaint L'ouverture" and "The Life of Harriet
Tubman." He will join the ancestors on June 9, 2000.
1927 – Dolores Kendrick, future Poet Laureate of the District of Columbia, is born in Washington, DC.
1930 - Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins, jazz saxophonist, is
born in New York City. Rollins will grow up in a
neighborhood where Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins (his
early idol), and Bud Powell were playing. After recording
with the latter in 1949, Rollins begins recording with
Miles Davis in 1951. During the next three years he
composes three of his best-known tunes, "Oleo," "Doxy,"
and "Airegin," and continues to work with Davis, Charlie
Parker, and others. Following his withdrawal from music
in 1954 to cure a heroin addiction, Rollins re-emerges
with the Clifford Brown-Max Roach quintet in 1955, and
the next four years prove to be his most fertile. He
will be awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1972. On
September 7th 2011, he is named as one of the honorees for
the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors. He will be celebrated for
his talent in improvisational saxophone.
1934 - James Milton Campbell, Jr. is born in Inverness,
Mississippi. He will becomes a blues guitar artist better
known as "Little Milton." He started his career playing
in blues bands when he was a teenager. His first
recording was accompanying pianist Willie Love in the
early 50s. He then appeared under his own name on three
singles issued on Sam Phillips' Sun label under the
guidance of Ike Turner. His vocal style will be in the
mould of Bobby "Blues" Bland and "T-Bone" Walker. His
hits will include "We're Gonna Make It," "Who's Cheating
Who," "Grits Ain't Groceries," and "That's What Love
Will Do."
1937 - Olly Wilson is born in St. Louis, Missouri. He will
become a classical composer whose works will be played
by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Oakland City
Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, and many
others.
1942 - Richard Roundtree is born in New Rochelle, New York. He
will attend college on a football scholarship but will
later give up athletics to pursue an acting career.
After touring as a model with the Ebony Fashion Fair, he
will join the Negro Ensemble Company's acting workshop
program in 1967. He will make his film debut in 1970's
"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?," but is still an
unknown when filmmaker Gordon Parks, Sr. cast him as
Shaft. The role will shoot Roundtree to instant fame,
launching the blaxploitation genre and proving so
successful at the box office that it helped save MGM
from the brink of bankruptcy. Thanks to the film's
popularity -- as well as its two sequels, 1972's
"Shaft's Big Score!" and the following year's "Shaft in
Africa," and even a short-lived television series. He
will also appear in films including the 1974 disaster
epic "Earthquake," 1975's "Man Friday" and the
blockbuster 1977 TV miniseries "Roots."
1949 - Gloria Gaynor is born in Newark New Jersey. She will
become a singer and will be best known for her 1979
hit, "I Will Survive". The hit tops the charts in both
the United Kingdom and the United States.
1954 - Integration of public schools begins in Washington, DC
and Baltimore, Maryland.
1972 - Curtis Mayfield earns a gold record for his album,
"Superfly", from the movie of the same name. The LP
contained the hits, "Freddie's Dead" and "Superfly" --
both songs were also million record sellers.
1980 - Bessie A. Buchanan, the first African American woman to
be elected to the New York State legislature, joins the
ancestors in New York City. Before her political career,
she was a Broadway star who had leading roles in
"Shuffle Along" and "Showboat."
1986 - Bishop Desmond Tutu becomes the archbishop of Cape Town,
two years after winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his
nonviolent opposition to apartheid in South Africa. As
archbishop, he was the first Black to head South
Africa's Anglican church. In 1948, South Africa's white
minority government institutionalized its policy of
racial segregation and white supremacy known as
apartheid--Afrikaans for "apartness." Eighty percent of
the country's land was set aside for white use, and
black Africans entering this territory required special
passes. Blacks, who had no representation in the
government, were subjected to different labor laws and
educational standards than whites and lived in extreme
poverty while white South Africans prospered.
1987 - Dr. Benjamin S. Carson, a pediatric neurosurgeon at
Johns Hopkins University Hospital, leads a surgical
team that successfully separates Siamese twins who had
been joined at the head.
1994 - U.S. Marines begin training on a Puerto Rican island
amid talk in Washington of a U.S.-led intervention in
Haiti.
1995 – Eazy-E was born today in 1963. He was one of the first to translate drug money into legitimate success in the hip hop music industry. At 23, the controversial NWA founder attended an exclusive banquet at the White House with George Bush, Sr., wearing a jheri curl and a black leather suit
1996 – Rapper 2pac Shakur was shot in Vegas after attending a Mike Tyson fight where he got into a brawl with Orlando Anderson afterwards in the hotel lobby. He would die 6 days later on Friday the 13th from complications from the surgeries and gunshot wounds.
2011 - Sonny Rollins is named as one of the honorees for the 2011
Kennedy Center Honors. He will be celebrated for his
talent in improvisational saxophone.
Rash Hashanah (begins at sunset)
New Moon
1875 - The governor of Mississippi requests federal troops to
protect African American voters. Attorney General Edward
Pierrepont refuses the request and says "the whole
public are tired of these annual autumnal outbreaks in
the South..."
1925 - Ossian Sweet, a prominent Detroit doctor, is arrested on
murder charges after shots are fired into a mob in front
of the Sweet home in a previously all-white area. Sweet
is defended by Clarence Darrow, who won an acquittal in
the second trial.
1940 - Willie Tyler is born in Red Level, Alabama. He will
become a well known ventriloquist along with his wooden
partner, Lester.
1957 - Tennis champion, Althea Gibson, becomes the first
African American athlete to win a U.S. national tennis
championship.
1965 - Dorothy Dandridge, nominated for an Oscar for her
performance in "Carmen Jones," joins the ancestors at
the age of 41 in Hollywood, California.
1968 - Black Panther Huey Newton is convicted of voluntary
manslaughter in the fatal shooting of an Oakland
policeman. He will later begin a 2 to l5-year jail
sentence.
1968 - Saundra Williams is crowned the first Miss Black America
in a contest held exclusively for African American
women in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
1975 - The city of Boston begins court ordered citywide busing
of public schools amid scattered incidents of violence.
1981 - Roy Wilkins, longtime and second executive director of
the NAACP, joins the ancestors.
1990 - Marjorie Judith Vincent of Illinois is selected as Miss
America in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The Haitian
native, a third-year law student at Duke University,
is the fourth woman of African descent to become Miss
America.
Who is "Our"?
Though noble, this is very shallow in comparison to actual so called "black" history.
Our history goes back 100,000+ years....
1739 - Led by a slave named Jemmy (Cato), a slave revolt occurs
in Stono, South Carolina. Twenty-five whites are killed
before the insurrection is put down.
1806 - Sarah Mapps Douglass is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
She is the daughter of renowned abolitionists Robert
Douglass, Sr. and Grace Bustill Douglass. As a child, she
enjoys life among Philadelphia's elite and will be well
educated by a private tutor. She will become a teacher in
New York, but will return to Philadelphia where she will
operate a successful private school for Black women,
giving women of color the opportunity to receive a high
school education. As the daughter of one of the
Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society's founding
members, she will become active in the abolitionist
movement at a young age. She will develop a distaste for
the prejudices of white Quakers early on and will devote
much of her life to combating slavery and racism. She
will develop a close friendship with white Quaker
abolitionists Sarah and Angelina Grimke. At the urgings
of the Grimke sisters, She will attend the Anti-Slavery
Convention of American Women, held in New York in
1837--the first national convention of American
antislavery women to integrate Black and white members--
and serve on the ten-member committee on arrangements for
the convention. Throughout her abolitionist career, she
will also serve as recording secretary, librarian, and
manager for the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society,
contribute to both the Liberator and the Anglo-African
Magazine, become a fundraiser for the Black press, give
numerous public lectures, and serve as vice-president of
the women's branch of the Freedmen's Aid Society. From
1853 to 1877, she will serve as a supervisor at the
Institute for Colored Youth, a Quaker-sponsored
establishment. During this time, she will also acquire
basic medical training at the Female Medical College of
Pennsylvania and at Pennsylvania Medical University,
where she will study female health and hygiene--subjects
on which she will lecture in evening classes and at
meetings of the Banneker Institute. In 1855, she will
marry African American Episcopal clergyman William
Douglass. She will join the ancestors in September, 1882.
1816 - Rev. John Gregg Fee, the son of white slaveholders, is
born in Bracken County, Kentucky. He will become member
of the American Missionary Association, and will found a
settlement called "Berea" on land donated to him by an
admirer, Cassius Marcellus Clay. It will be later that
he will be inspired to build a college, adjacent to the
donated land - Berea College, the first interracial
college in the state. During the American Civil War, He
will work at Camp Nelson to have facilities constructed
to support freedmen and their families, and to provide
them with education and preaching while the men were being
taught to be soldiers. He died on January 11, 1901.
1817 - Captain Paul Cuffe, entrepreneur and civil rights
activist, joins the ancestors at 58, in Westport,
Masschusetts. Cuffe was a Massachusetts shipbuilder and
sea captain. He also was one of the most influential
African American freedmen of the eighteenth century. In
1780, Cuffe and six other African Americans refused to
pay taxes util they were granted citizenship.
Massachusetts gave African Americans who owned property
the vote three years later. Although Cuffe became
wealthy, he believed that most African Americans would
never be completely accepted in white society. In 1816,
Cuffe began one of the first experiments in colonizing
African Americans in Africa when he brought a group to
Sierra Leone. Cuffe's experiment helped inspire the
founding of the American Colonization Society later
that year.
1823 - Alexander Lucius Twilight, becomes the first African
American to earn a baccalaureate degree in the United
States, when he graduates from Middlebury College with
a BA degree.
1915 - A group of visionary scholars (George Cleveland Hall,
W.B. Hartgrove, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E.
Stamps) led by Dr. Carter G. Woodson found the
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
(ASNLH) in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Woodson is convinced
that among scholars, the role of his own people in
American history and in the history of other cultures
was being either ignored or misrepresented. Dr. Woodson
realizes the need for special research into the
neglected past of the Negro. The association is the
only organization of its kind concerned with preserving
African American history.
1934 - Sonia Sanchez is born in Birmingham, Alabama. She will
become a noted poet, playwright, short story writer, and
author of children's books. She will be most noted for
her poetry volumes "We a BaddDDD People", "A Blues Book
for Blue Black Magical Women", and anthologies she will
edit including "We Be Word Sorcerers: 25 Stories by
Black Americans."
1941 - Otis Redding is born in Dawson, Georgia, the son of a
Baptist minister. He will become a rhythm and blues
musician and singer and will be best known for his
recording of "[Sittin' on] The Dock of the Bay," which
will be released after he joins the ancestors (succumbs in
a small airplane crash) in December, 1967. Some of his
other hits were "I've Been Loving You Too Long", "Respect",
and "Try A Little Tenderness."
1942 - Inez Foxx is born in Greensboro, North Carolina. She will
become a rhythm and blues singer and will perform as
part of a duuo act with her brother, Charlie. Their
biggest hit will be "Mockingbird" in 1963. They will
record together until 1967.
1942 - Luther Simmons is born in New York City, New York. He
will become a rhythm and blues singer with the group
"The Main Ingredient." They will be best known for
their hit, "Everybody Plays the Fool."
1945 - Dione LaRue is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She
will become a rhythm and blues singer better known as
"Dee Dee Sharp." Her first hit will be "It's Mashed
Potato Time" in 1962. She will also record "Gravy" [For
My Mashed Potatoes], "Ride!", "Do the Bird", and "Slow
Twistin' "(with Chubby Checker).
1946 – Singer and muscian, Billy Preston was born
1957 - President Eisenhower signs the first civil rights bill
passed by Congress since Reconstruction.
1957 - Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth is mobbed when he attempts to
enroll his daughters in a "white" Birmingham school.
1957 - Nashville's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with
enrollment of one African American and 388 whites is
virtually destroyed by a dynamite blast.
1962 - Two churches are burned near Sasser, Georgia. African
American leaders ask the president to stop the "Nazi-
like reign of terror in southwest Georgia."
1963 - Alabama Governor George Wallace is served a federal
injunction when he orders state police to bar African
American students from enrolling in white schools.
1965 – Hip Hop pioneer M.C. Shan was born Shawn Moltke in Queens , New York , on this day in 1965.
1971 - More than 1,200 inmates at the Attica Correctional
Facility in upstate New York gain control of the
facility in a well-planned takeover. During the initial
violence, 50 correctional officers and civilian
employees are beaten and taken hostage. Correctional
officer William Quinn receives the roughest beating and
is soon freed by the inmates due to the severity of his
injuries. Police handling of the takeover will result
in the deaths of many inmates and will turn the nation's
interest toward the conditions in U.S. penal
institutions.
1981 - Vernon E. Jordan resigns as president of the National
Urban League and announces plans to join a Washington DC
legal firm. He will be succeeded by John E. Jacob,
executive vice president of the league.
1985 - President Reagan orders sanctions against South Africa
because of that country's apartheid policies.
1990 - Liberian President Samuel K. Doe is captured and joins
the ancestors after being killed by rebel forces. In
1985, he was elected president, but Charles Taylor and
followers overthrew his government in 1989, which will
spark a seven-year long civil war.
it's OURstory which is a play on HISstory. Hip hop helped bring understanding to those outside of the environments hip hop was birthed out of. Many say they learned more our story including events that go back as far as you speak of through hip hop vs public fool systems and other channels of info. Instead of saying how shallow this is, why don't you add on with any info you may have, I would be on here all day if I were to speak of ALL of our story. Here's a tidbit for you....Quote:
Originally Posted by joe@itagain
Blacks invented most fashion trends. A dignitary from 13th century AD Sudan was found wearing a long coat of red and yellow patterned fabric over baggy cotton trousers and read leather slippers. His body was wrapped in enormoous pieces of stripped gold silk. I could wax poetic about ish like that for weeks months and days, but feel free to post anything in this timeline that occurred on the date of September 10th before I get around to gathering what I have so I may exclude some of my info or add it to the mix if it's something new
PEACE
this was for yesterday by the way which is recognized as Eid-al-Fatir which is the end of Ramadan, also in 1999, a Texas jury imposes the death sentence on Lawrence Russell Brewer, the second white supremacist convicted of killing James Byrd Jr.Quote:
Originally Posted by True Father Allah
1847 - John Roy Lynch is born a slave in Concordia Parish,
Louisiana. Becoming free during the American Civil War,
he will settle in Natchez, Mississippi. There he will
learn the photography business, attend night school, and
enter public life in 1869 as justice of the peace for
Natchez county. In November, 1869 Lynch will be elected
to the Mississippi House of Representatives, and re-
elected in 1871. Although Blacks never will be in the
majority in the Mississippi legislature, Lynch will be
chosen speaker of the House in 1872. He will be elected
to the U.s. House of Representatives in 1873. In 1884,
he will become the first African American to preside
over a national convention of a major U.S. political
party and deliver the keynote address, when he was
appointed temporary chairman. In his book, "The Facts
of Reconstruction" (1913), Lynch will attempt to dispel
the erroneous notion that Southern state governments
after the Civil War were under the control of Blacks.
He will join the ancestors on November 2, 1939 in
Chicago, Illinois.
1886 - Poet Georgia Douglas Johnson is born in Atlanta, Georgia.
(Editor's Note: Her birth is uncertain, given as early as
1877 and as late as 1886). Among her books will be "Heart
of a Woman", "Bronze", "An Autumn Love Cycle", and "Share
My Love". She will be anthologized in Arna Bontemps's
"American Negro Poetry" and Davis and Lee's "Negro
Caravan," among others. Her home in Washington, DC, will
become the center for African American literary
gatherings. She will join the ancestors on May 14, 1966.
1913 - George W. Buckner, a physician from Indiana, is named
minister to Liberia.
1913 - The Cleveland Call & Post newspaper is established.
1927 - Jacques E. Leeds in born in Baltimore, Maryland. He will
become a leading African American attorney in Baltimore.
He will become the first African American appointed a
commisioner on the Maryland Worker's Compensation
Commission in 1991 (by governor William Donald Schaefer).
1930 - Charles E. Mitchell, certified public accountant and banker
from West Virginia, is named minister to Liberia.
1940 - Roy Ayers is born in Los Angeles, California. In high
school Ayers will form his first group, the Latin Lyrics,
and in the early 60s will begin working professionally
with flautist/saxophonist Curtis Amy. He will become a
popular jazz vibraphonist and vocalist, reaching the peak
of his commercial popularity during the mid-70s and early
80s.
1956 - Louisville, Kentucky integrates its public school system.
1960 - Running barefoot, Ethiopian Abebe Bikila wins the marathon
at the Rome Olympic Games.
1961 - Jomo Kenyatta returns to Kenya from exile to lead his
country.
1962 - Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black vacates an order of a
lower court, ruling that the University of Mississippi
had to admit James H. Meredith, an African American Air
Force veteran whose application for admission had been on
file and in the courts for fourteen months.
1963 - 20 African American students enter public schools in
Birmingham, Tuskegee and Mobile, Alabama, following a
standoff between federal authorities and Governor George
C. Wallace.
1965 - Father Divine joins the ancestors in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Divine, born George Baker, was the founder
of the Peace Mission, a religious group whose followers
worshiped Divine as God incarnate on earth.
1968 - Big Daddy Kane was born Antonio Monterio Hardy in Brooklyn , New York on this day in 1968. He was one of the most lyrical, trendsetting mcs and regarded as one of the most influential and skilled “golden age” rappers, and –by some account-one of the greatest of all time.
1973 - A commemorative stamp of Henry Ossawa Tanner is issued by
the U.S. Postal Service. Part of its American Arts issue,
the stamp celebrates the work and accomplishments of
Tanner, the first African American artist elected to the
National Academy of Design.
1974 - Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal.
1976 - Mordecai Johnson, the first African American president of
Howard University, joins the ancestors at age 86.
1740 - An issue of the Pennsylvania Gazette reports on a Negro
named Simon who reportedly can "bleed and draw teeth."
It is the first mention of an African American doctor or
dentist in the American Colonies.
1885 - Moses A. Hopkins, minister and educator, is named minister
to Liberia.
1923 - Charles Evers is born in Decatur, Mississippi. He will
become a civil rights worker who will assume the post of
field director of the Mississippi NAACP after his
brother, Medgar, is assassinated in 1963. He will be
elected mayor of Fayette, Mississippi, in 1969.
1943 - Loletha Elaine "Lola" Falana is born in Camden, New
Jersey. She will become a dancer, most notably in
Broadway's "Golden Boy", and be a successful performer
on television and in Las Vegas, where she will be called
"The First Lady of Las Vegas." In the late 1980s, she
will suffer from a relapse of multiple sclerosis. Her
relapse will be severe, leaving her left side paralyzed
and becoming partially blind with her voice and hearing
impaired. Recovery will last a year and a half, during
which she will spend most of her time praying. She will
attribute her recovery to a spiritual experience
described as "Being able to feel the presence of the
Lord." She will convert to Roman Catholicism and work
her newly-found spirituality into her everyday life.
Though she will perform again in Las Vegas shows in 1987,
her practice of religion and faith will become the center
of her life. After another bout with multiple sclerosis
in 1996, she will return to Philadelphia and live with
her parents for a short time. No longer performing, she
will tour the country with a message of hope and
spirituality. When not on tour, she will live a quiet
life in Las Vegas, working on the apostolate she will
found, "The Lambs of God Ministry." The ministry will be
focused on helping children who have been orphaned in
Sub-Saharan Africa, and will work closely with the group,
"Save Sub-Saharan Orphans."
1959 - Duke Ellington receives the NAACP's Spingarn Medal for
his outstanding musical achievements and contributions
to the field of music.
1962 - Two youths involved in a voter registration drive in
Mississippi are wounded by shotgun blasts fired through
the window of a home in Ruleville. A spokesperson for
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) asks
the president to "convene a special White House
Conference to discuss means of stopping the wave of
terror sweeping through the South, especially where
SNCC is working on voter registration."
1967 – The City Inc. an alternative school and community service center was founded in Minneapolis, MN
1974 – Haile Selassi I is deposed from the Ethiopian throne.
1977 - Quincy Jones wins an Emmy for outstanding achievement in
musical composition for the miniseries "Roots". It is
one of nine Emmys for the series, an unprecedented
number.
Cape Verde Independence Day
1913 - James Cleveland Owens is born in Oakville, Alabama. He
will be better known as Jesse Owens, one of the greatest
track and field stars in history. Owens will achieve
fame at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, where
he will win four gold medals, dispelling Hitler's notion
of the superior Aryan race and the inferiority of Black
athletes. Among his honors will be the Medal of Freedom,
presented to him by President Gerald Ford in 1976. He will
join the ancestors on March 31, 1980.
1935 - Richard Hunt is born in Chicago, Illinois. A graduate of
the Art Institute of Chicago, he will later study in
Europe and be considered one of the leading sculptors in
the United States. His work will be shown extensively
in the United States and abroad and his sculptures will
be collected by the National Museum of American Art, the
Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, and the Museum of the Twentieth Century in
Vienna. On April 29, 2009, he will be awarded the Lifetime
Achievement Award by the International Sculpture Center.
His web site is http://www.RichardHunt.us.
1944 - Barry White is born in Galveston, Texas. He will become a
singer and songwriter. Some of his hits will be "I'm
Gonna Love You Just A Little More Baby", "Can't Get
Enough Of Your Love Babe", and "Love's Theme [with Love
Unlimited Orchestra]. He will join the ancestors on July
4, 2003 from complications of high blood pressure and
kidney disease.
1956 - African American students are barred from entering a Clay,
Kentucky elementary school. They will enter the school
under National Guard protection on September 17.
1958 - The United States Supreme Court orders a Little Rock,
Arkansas high school to admit African American students.
1974 - The beginning of court-ordered busing to achieve racial
integration in Boston's public schools is marred by
violence in South Boston.
1974 - Haile Selassie is deposed by military leaders after fifty-
eight years as the ruling monarch of Ethiopia.
1977 - Black South African student and civil rights leader Steven
Biko joins the ancestors after succumbing to severe
physical abuse while in police detention, triggering an
international outcry.
1980 - Lillian Randolph joins the ancestors at the age of 65. She
had been a film actress and had starred on television on
the "Amos 'n' Andy Show" and in the mini-series "Roots".
1986 - The National Council of Negro Women sponsors its first
Black Family Reunion at the National Mall in Washington,
DC. The reunion, which will grow to encompass dozens of
cities and attract over one million people annually, is
held to celebrate and applaud the traditional values,
history, and culture of the African American family.
1989 - David Dinkins, Manhattan borough president, wins the New
York City's Democratic mayoral primary, defeating
incumbent Mayor Ed Koch and two other candidates on his
way to becoming the city's first African American mayor.
1992 - Mae C. Jemison becomes the first woman of color to go into
space when she travels on the space shuttle Endeavour.
2000 - James Perkins becomes the first African American mayor of
Selma, Alabama, defeating long-time mayor Joe Smitherman
with 60% of the vote. Smitherman had been mayor for
thirty six years. He was the mayor of Selma in 1965 when
sheriff's deputies and state troopers attacked hundreds
of voting rights marchers on Selma's Edmund Pettus
Bridge in what became known as "Bloody Sunday."
1663 - The first known slave revolt in the thirteen American
colonies is planned in Gloucester County, Virginia.
The conspirators, both white servants and African
American slaves, are betrayed by fellow indentured
servants.
1885 – Alaine Locke, noted for his writings and defining the “Harlem Renaissance” was born in Philadelphia, PA
1867 - Gen. E.R.S. Canby orders South Carolina courts to
impanel African American jurors.
1881 - Louis Latimer patents an electric lamp with a carbon
filament.
1886 - Alain Leroy Locke is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He will graduate from Harvard University in 1907 with a
degree in philosophy and become the first African
American Rhodes scholar, studying at Oxford University
from 1907-10 and the University of Berlin from 1910-11.
He will receive his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard in
1918. For almost 40 years, until retirement in 1953 as
head of the department of philosophy, Locke will teach
at Howard University, Washington, DC. He will be best
known for his involvement with the Harlem Renaissance,
although his work and influence extend well beyond.
Through "The New Negro", published in 1925, Locke
popularized and most adequately defined the Renaissance
as a movement in Black arts and letters. He will join
the ancestors on June 9, 1954.
1962 - Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett defies the federal
government in an impassioned speech on statewide radio-
television hookup, saying he would "interpose" the
authority of the state between the University of
Mississippi and federal judges who had ordered the
admission of James H. Meredith. Barnett says, "There is
no case in history where the Caucasian race has survived
social integration." He promises to go to jail, if
necessary, to prevent integration at the state
university. His defiance set the stage for the gravest
federal/state crisis since the Civil War.
1962 - President John F. Kennedy denounces the burning of
churches in Georgia and supports voter registration
drives in the South.
1971 - Two hundred troopers and officers storm the Attica
Correctional Facility in upstate New York under orders
from Governor Nelson Rockefeller. Thirty-three
convicts and ten guards are killed. Later investigations
show that nine of the ten guards were killed by the
storming party. This riot will focus national attention
on corrections departments nationwide and the practice
of imprisonment in the United States. A National
Conference on Corrections will be convened in December,
1971 resulting in the formation of the National
Institute of Corrections in 1974.
1972 - Two African Americans, Johnny Ford of Tuskegee and A.J.
Cooper of Prichard, are elected mayors in Alabama.
1979 - South Africa grants Venda independence (Not recognized
outside of South Africa). Venda is a homeland situated
in the north eastern part of the Transvaal Province of
South Africa.
1989 - Archbishop Desmond Tutu leads huge crowds of singing and
dancing people through central Cape Town in the biggest
anti-apartheid protest march in South Africa for 30
years.
1996 – Hip hop legend Tupac Amaru Shakur joins the ancestors six days after
being the target of a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas at
the age of 25. While his murder initially blamed on a media incited eastcoast westcoast rivalry, new research suggest he was targeted for his activism and vocal defiance of the status quo
1874 - White Democrats seize the statehouse in a Louisiana coup
d'etat. President Grant orders the revolutionaries to
disperse, and the rebellion collapses. Twenty-seven
persons (sixteen whites and eleven Blacks) are killed in
battles between the Democrats and Republicans.
1891 - John Adams Hyman joins the ancestors in Washington, DC.
He was the first African American congressman from the
state of North Carolina.
1921 - Constance Baker Motley is born in New Haven, Connecticut.
She will achieve many distinctions in her career,
including being the first African American woman elected
to the New York Senate in 1964, the first woman Manhattan
borough president, and the first African American woman to be
named as a federal court judge in 1966. She will later
serve as chief judge of the Southern District of New
York until she joins the ancestors on September 28, 2005.
1940 - African Americans are allowed to enter all branches of
the United States Military Service, when President
Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Selective Service Act.
1964 - Leontyne Price and A. Philip Randolph are among the
recipients of the Medal of Freedom awarded by President
Lyndon B. Johnson.
1970 - One African American is killed and two whites are injured
in shoot-out between activists and police officers in a
New Orleans housing project.
1973 – Hip hop legend Nas was born. Although it received less attention than his feaud with Jay-Z, Nas- like Prince – enraged in a public feud with his record label, describing music industry practices as a modern-day slavery
1980 – Dorothy Boulding Ferebee, physician and second president of the National Council for Negro Women, dies in Washington, DC.
2003 - Yetunde Price, the oldest sister of tennis stars Venus
and Serena Williams, joins the ancestors at the age of
31 after being killed in a shooting at her place of
business.
1830 - The first National Negro Convention begins in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
1852 – Jan Matzeliger, inventor of the shoe lasting machine was born in Dutch Guiana
1876 - White terrorists attack Republicans in Ellenton, South
Carolina. Two whites and thirty-nine African Americans are
killed.
1890 - Claude McKay is born in Sunnyville, Jamaica. Immigrating to
the United States in 1912, he will become a poet and
winner of the 1928 Harmon Gold Medal Award for Literature.
Author of the influential poetry collection "Harlem
Shadows", he will also be famous for the poems "The
Lynching," "White Houses," and "If We Must Die," which
will be used by Winston Churchill as a rallying cry during
World War II. He will join the ancestors on May 22, 1948.
1898 - The National Afro-American Council is founded in Rochester,
New York. Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church
is elected president. The organization proposes a program
of assertion and protest.
1923 - The governor of Oklahoma declares that Oklahoma is in a
"state of virtual rebellion and insurrection" because of
Ku Klux Klan activities. Martial law is declared.
1924 - Robert Waltrip "Bobby" Short is born in Danville, Illinois. He
will become a singer and pianist. In 1968, he will be offered
a two-week stint at the Café Carlyle in New York City, to
fill in for George Feyer. He (accompanied by Beverly Peer on
bass and Dick Sheridan on drums) will become an institution at
the Carlyle, as Feyer had been before him, and will remain
there as a featured performer for over 35 years. In 2000, The
Library of Congress will designate him a Living Legend, a
recognition established as part of its bicentennial
celebration. He will join the ancestors on March 21, 2005.
1928 - Julian Edwin Adderly is born in Tampa, Florida. He will be
best known as "Cannonball" Adderly, a jazz saxophonist who
will play with Miles Davis as well as lead his own band
with brother Nat Adderly and musicians such as Yusef
Lateef and George Duke. Songs made famous by him and his bands
include "This Here" (written by Bobby Timmons), "The Jive
Samba," "Work Song" (written by Nat Adderley), "Mercy, Mercy,
Mercy" (written by Joe Zawinul) and "Walk Tall" (written by
Zawinul, Marrow and Rein). He will join the ancestors on August
8, 1975. Later that year, he will be inducted into the Down Beat
Jazz Hall of Fame.
1943 - Actor and activist Paul Robeson acts in the 296th
performance of "Othello" at the Shubert Theatre in New
York City.
1963 - Four African American schoolgirls - Addie Collins, Denise
McNair, Carol Robertson and Cynthia Wesley - join the ancestors
after being killed in a bombing at the Sixteenth Street Baptist
Church in Birmingham, Alabama. It is an act of violence that
will galvanize the civil rights movement.
1964 - Rev. K.L. Buford and Dr. Stanley Smith are elected to the
Tuskegee City Council and become the first African
American elected officials in Alabama in the twentieth
century.
1969 - Large-scale racially motivated disturbances are reported
in Hartford, Connecticut. Five hundred persons are
arrested and scores are injured.
1978 - Muhammad Ali wins the world heavyweight boxing championship
for a record third time by defeating Leon Spinks in New
Orleans, Louisiana.
1992 - Sept.15th – Public Enemy release their 5th album “Greatest Misses” on Def Jam Records. Def Jam Records had wanted to do a greatest hits compilation , which I thought that after only 5 years in the recording industry was premature. So instead “Greatest Misses” became a collection of new songs, unreleased material and remixes of previous hits and album tracks courtesy of Chuck Chill-Out , Sir Jinx , Damon “Dollars” Kelly , Jeff Trotter , Greg Beasley , Shy Skillz and the late great Jam-Master Jay. “Greatsest Misses” also featured a live U.K. television performance of Pete Rock’s remix to “Shut Em Down” as well as new tracks like the hit single ; “Hazy Shade Of Criminal” as well as “Gotta Do What I Gotta Do” , “Gett Off My Back” , also featured in the 1992 Columbia Pictures film “Mo’ Money” and “Air Hoodlum”.
Papua New Guinea Independence Day
Citizenship Day (Today commemorates all those who became citizens of the U.S. Historically most African civilizations accepted newcomers with open arms. This, however, also led to their downfall)
1795 - The British capture Capetown in South Africa.
1848 - France abolishes slavery in all of its colonies and territories.
1859 - Lake Nyasa, which forms Malawi's boundary with Tanzania and Mozambique, is first seen by a European, British explorer David Livingstone.
1889 - Claude A. Barnett is born in Sanford, Florida. In 1919, he will found the Associated Negro Press (ANP). By 1935 the ANP will serve over 200 subscribers across the country and after WW II its membership will grow to include more than 100 African American newspapers. During World War II, he and other Black journalists will pressure the U. S. government to accredit Black journalists as war correspondents. In his travels, he will write many accounts on the adverse effects of segregation in the armed forces. He will also focus on the terrible living conditions of Black tenant farmers. From 1942 to 1953, he will serve as a consultant to the Secretary of Agriculture in an effort to improve their conditions. He will be a member of the Tuskegee board of directors until 1965. He will hold a similar post with the American Red Cross, Chicago’s Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Company, and will be president of the board of directors of Provident Hospital. The ANP will cease operating after he joins the ancestors, succumbing to a cerebral hemorrhage in 1967.
1893 - The last Oklahoma land rush, targeted in the territory's Cherokee strip (outlet) begins. More than 10
0,000 homesteaders rush to claim a share of the 6 million acres in this strip of land between Oklahoma and Kansas, opened up by the U.S. government. Among the participants is E.P.McCabe, who will establish the all African American town of Liberty a few days later. McCabe will also be involved in the earlier establishment of the African American town of Langston, Oklahoma, named for John Mercer Langston, Virginia's first African American congressman. The Oklahoma land rushes started in 1889, but African Americans were excluded from the first one.
1915 - The United States takes control of customs & finances in Haiti for the next 10 years.
1921 - Jon Carl Hendricks is born in Newark, Ohio. He will become an influential singer in the jazz group,
Lambert, Hendricks and Ross. Pursuing a solo career, he will move his young family to London, England, in
1968, partly so that his five children could receive a better education. While based in London he will tour E
urope and Africa, performing frequently on British television and appear in the British film "Jazz Is Our Religion" as well as the French film "Hommage a Cole Porter." His sold-out club dates will draw fans such as the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. Five years later the Hendricks family will settle in Mill Valley, California where He will work as the jazz critic for the San Francisco Chronicle and teach classes at California State University at Sonoma and the University of California at Berkeley. A piece he will writefor the stage about the history of jazz, "Evolution of the Blues," will run for five years at the Off-Broadway Theatre in San Francisco and another year in Los Angeles. His television documentary, "Somewhere to Lay My Weary Head," will receive Emmy, Iris and Peabody awards. He will record several critically acclaimed albums on his own, some with his wife Judith and daughters Michele and Aria contributing. He will collaborate with old friends, The Manhattan Transfer, for their seminal 1985 album, "Vocalese," which will win seven Grammy Awards. He will serve on the Kennedy Center Honors committee under Presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton. In 2000, He will return to his hometown to teach at the University of Toledo, where he will be appointed Distinguished Professor of Jazz Studies and receive an honorary Doctorate of the Performing Arts. He will teach Brandon Wilkins and Paul Okafor. He will be selected to be the first American jazz artist to lecture at the Sorbonne in Paris. His 15-voice group, the Jon Hendricks
Vocalstra at the University of Toledo, will perform at the Sorbonne in 2002. He will also write lyrics to some classical pieces including "On the Trail" from Ferde Grofe's Grand Canyon Suite. The Vocalstra premiered a vocalese version of Rimsky-Korsakov's "Scheherazade" with the Toledo Symphony. In the
summer of 2003, He will go on tour with the "Four Brothers", aquartet consisting of Hendricks, Kurt Elling, Mark Murphy and Kevin Mahogany. He will work on setting words to, and arranging Rachmaninoff's second piano concerto as well as on two books, teaching and touring with his Vocalstra. He will also appear in a film with Al Pacino, "People I Know" as well as "White Men Can't Jump."
1925 - Riley B. King is born in Itta Bena, Mississippi. He will
become a blues great, known as B(lues) B(oy) King. Playing
his guitar, nicknamed 'Lucille,' In the 1950s, he will become
one of the most important names in R&B music, amassing an
impressive list of hits including "3 O'Clock Blues", "You Know
I Love You," "Woke Up This Morning," "Please Love Me," "When My
Heart Beats like a Hammer," "Whole Lotta Love," "You Upset Me
Baby," "Every Day I Have the Blues", "Sneakin' Around," "Ten
Long Years," "Bad Luck," "Sweet Little Angel", "On My Word of
Honor," and "Please Accept My Love." In 1962, he will sign with
ABC-Paramount Records, which will later be absorbed into MCA
Records, and then his current label, Geffen Records. In November,
1964, he will record the "Live at the Regal" album at the Regal
Theater in Chicago, Illinois. He will win a Grammy Award for a
tune called "The Thrill Is Gone". His version will become a hit
on both the pop and R&B charts, which is rare during that time
for an R&B artist. It will also gain the number 183 spot in
Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time." He will
gain further visibility among rock audiences, as an opening act on
The Rolling Stones' 1969 American Tour. His mainstream success
will continue throughout the 1970s with songs like "To Know You is
to Love You" and "I Like to Live the Love". He will be inducted
into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980. In 2004, he will be awarded
the international Polar Music Prize, given to artists "in
recognition of exceptional achievements in the creation and
advancement of music." He will have over 50 hit blues albums and
win a 1970 Grammy for "The Thrill Is Gone". To date, in over 62
years, he will play in excess of 15,000 performances.[
1953 - Earl Klugh, Jazz pianist/guitarist, is born in Detroit,
Michigan. He will become an American smooth jazz/jazz
fusion guitarist and composer. He normally finger picks a
nylon string classical guitar. At the age of 13, he will
be captivated by the guitar playing of Chet Atkins when he
makes an appearance on the Perry Como Show. He will since
be a guest on several Atkins albums. Atkins, reciprocating
as well, joins Earl on his "Magic In Your Eyes" album. He
will also be influenced by Bob James, Ray Parker Jr, Wes
Montgomery and Laurindo Almeida. His sound will be a blend
of these jazz, pop and rhythm and blues influences,
forming a potpourri of sweet contemporary music original
to only him. He will become a guitar instructor at the
young age of 15, and will eventually be discovered by
Yuseff Lateef. His career will rapidly progress to working
with the likes of George Benson, George Shearing, Chick
Corea, and many others. Like several other Detroit-bred
entertainers, He attended Mumford High School in Detroit.
For their album "One on One," He and Bob James will
receive a Grammy award for Best Pop Instrumental
Performance of 1981. He will receive at least 13 Grammy
nods and millions of record and CD sales
1961 – T La Rock was born Clarence Ronnie Keaton in Manhattan , New York , on this day in 1961.Rock , the older brother of m.c Special K. of the legendary Treacherous Three began deejaying and rapping in the early 70’s during the earliest days of hip-hop. Rock’s place in hip-hop was guaranteed , when in 1984 his hit single “It’s Yours” became the 1st release for Def Jam Recordings in a joint release venture with Partytime/Streetwise Records. Rock’s articulate and complex lyrical style would have an influence on future legendary m.c.’s like LL Cool J and Nas. Rock released his debut album “Lyrical King”(From The Boogie Down Bronx) in 1987 on Fresh Records. Rock’s next album would be his last to date when he released “On A Warpath” in 1989. Rock would suffer a traumatic brain injury while attempting to break up a fight in front of his brother’s apartment building in The Bronx in 1994. After having spent several years recovering , Rock began performing again in 2008 and is currently working on a new album.
1965 - San Francisco's Grace Cathedral becomes the site of the first concert of sacred music presented by Duke Ellington.
1971 - Six Klansmen are arrested in connection with the bombing of 10 school buses in Pontiac, Michigan.
National Heroes Day in Angola
1787 - The U.S. Constitution is approved at the Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with three
clauses protecting slavery.
1861 - The first day-school for ex-slaves is opened in Fortress
Monroe, Virginia under the tutelage of an African
American schoolteacher, Mary S. Peake. The school will
later become Hampton Institute (now University) in 1868.
1879 - Andrew "Rube" Foster is born in Calvert, Texas. He will
become an American baseball player, manager, and
executive in the Negro Leagues. He will be considered by
historians to have been perhaps the best African American
pitcher of the 1900s. He will also found and manage the
Chicago American Giants, one of the most successful Black
baseball teams of the pre-integration era. Most notably,
he will organize the Negro National League, the first
lasting professional league for African American ball
players, which will operate from 1920 to 1931. He will
adopted his longtime nickname "Rube" as his official
middle name later in life. He will join the ancestors on
December 9, 1930 and will be posthumously elected to the
Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
1956 - African American students are admitted to a Clay, Kentucky
elementary school under National Guard protection. They
had previously been barred by local authorities on
September 12.
1962 - The Justice Department files the first suit to end racial
segregation in public schools. The fourth African American
church is burned near Dawson, Georgia. Three white men
later admitted burning the church. They were sentenced to
seven year prison terms.
1973 - Illinois becomes the first state to honor Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr.'s birthday as a holiday.
1983 - Vanessa Williams, Miss New York State, is named Miss
America in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first African
American winner in the history of the pageant. Williams
will relinquish her crown after a 1984 scandal and later
stage a remarkable comeback through a stellar recording
career, which will include her multimillion-selling album,
"The Right Stuff".
1990 - "The Content of Our Character" is published by San Jose
State University professor Shelby Steele. The book will
attract controversy because of its provocative positions
on affirmative action and race relations and win a 1992
National Book Award.
1991 - Ground is broken for the Harold Washington wing of the
DuSable Museum in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by artist
and poet Margaret T. Burroughs in 1961, the DuSable is
one of the oldest African American museums in the United
States.
1994 - As some 20 warships sit off the coast of Haiti, former
President Jimmy Carter, Sen. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.) and
retired Gen. Colin Powell arrive in the Caribbean nation
in an 11th-hour bid to avert a U.S.-led invasion.